articulográfia

Articulografía is a term that refers to the study and representation of speech articulation. It encompasses various methods and techniques used to visualize, analyze, and understand the physical movements of the vocal tract during speech production. This field draws upon linguistics, acoustics, physiology, and engineering.

Historically, articulography has relied on different approaches. Early methods included direct observation, palatography, and linguometry, which provided limited but foundational insights. With technological advancements, more sophisticated techniques emerged. Ultrasound imaging allows for real-time visualization of tongue and jaw movements, offering a non-invasive way to study articulation. Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) uses small sensors attached to articulators to track their precise movements in three-dimensional space. X-ray microbeam technology, though invasive, provides highly accurate data on the positions of the tongue, jaw, and lips.

The data gathered through articulographic methods is crucial for several disciplines. In phonetics and phonology, it helps in understanding the phonetic inventory of languages and how sounds are systematically produced. For speech therapists and clinicians, articulography aids in diagnosing and treating speech disorders, by identifying specific articulation deficits. It also plays a role in the development of speech synthesis technologies and automatic speech recognition systems, by providing models of human speech production. The analysis often involves creating kinematic models of the vocal tract and correlating articulatory movements with acoustic speech signals.