arruiné

Arruinó is the third-person singular preterite form of the Spanish verb arruinar, meaning to ruin, spoil, or bankrupt. It is used to describe a completed action in the past that caused damage or loss to a person, object, or situation. The sense can range from physical destruction to financial collapse or reputational harm, depending on the context.

Etymology and usage notes: Arruinar comes from the prefix a- with ruinar, related to the noun ruina (ruin) and ultimately to Latin ruina, meaning collapse. Conjugation in the main tenses includes arruina (present, ella/él/usted arruina), arruinaba (imperfect), arruinó (preterite), and arruinará (future). In sentences, the subject is indicated by the verb form; direct objects can be things (la cosecha) or people (a los inversores) when referring to harm done.

Examples: La tormenta arruinó la cosecha. The sentence shows the past action of ruin affecting a concrete object. La mala gestión arruinó la empresa. El escándalo arruinó su reputación. These illustrate how arruinó conveys a significant negative impact that has already occurred.

Form and scope: Arruinó is strictly a verb form, not a standalone noun. It functions transitively, requiring a direct object or a person introduced by a. While primarily used in Spanish, cognates exist in other Romance languages with similar meanings, reflecting a common Latin root related to ruin or collapse.

See also: arruinar (to ruin), ruina (ruin), related financial or reputational harm in Spanish discourse.