arbetslöshetsförsäkring

Arbetlöshetsförsäkring, or unemployment insurance, is a Swedish social security arrangement that provides financial support to people who become unemployed. The system operates through two main channels: earnings-related unemployment benefits delivered by voluntary unemployment funds (arbetslöshetskassor, AK-kassor) and a basic insurance for those who have earned income but are not eligible for membership in an AK-kassa. The funds and the basic insurance are governed by national rules and supervised by the relevant authorities.

Membership and eligibility: To obtain earnings-related benefits, an applicant must be a member of an AK-kassa and have worked a specified period with earned income in the recent year. The basic insurance has separate work-history requirements. In all cases, the person must register as unemployed with the Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen) and actively seek work, participate in job-seeking activities, and be available for work. Benefits are typically paid for a limited period and may be reduced if the person has other income or benefits.

Benefit level and duration: The earnings-related benefit is calculated as a percentage of prior insured income up to a cap, with a waiting period before payments begin. The duration depends on age, membership status, and work history; the basic insurance provides a lower level of protection and shorter duration.

Funding and administration: The system is financed by member fees paid to the AK-kassor and by government subsidies; payments are administered by the AK-kassor with oversight from national authorities. The process includes eligibility assessment, reporting, and regular reviews.

Impact and context: Debates around Arbetslöshetsförsäkring often focus on the balance between generous support and incentives to return to work, leading to periodic reforms aimed at clarifying rules and adjusting benefit levels.