apparitors

An apparitor was a minor official in ancient Rome, primarily responsible for carrying out the commands of magistrates. Their duties varied but often involved accompanying the magistrate, enforcing judgments, and serving legal summonses. They were typically armed with fasces, bundles of rods that symbolized the magistrate's power to inflict punishment. These fasces were carried by lictors, who were a distinct but related class of attendants.

Apparitors acted as intermediaries between the magistrate and the public. They could arrest citizens, seize property, and even escort individuals to court. Their presence was a visible reminder of the authority of the Roman state. While not as prestigious as elected officials, apparitors played a crucial role in the administration of justice and the maintenance of order in Roman society. The term "apparitor" itself derives from the Latin "apparere," meaning "to appear" or "to be visible," reflecting their public-facing role. Their functions were essential for the practical application of Roman law and governance.