apokrinen

Apocrine glands are specialized sweat glands found in mammals, including humans. They are distinct from eccrine glands, which are more widespread and primarily involved in thermoregulation. Apocrine glands are primarily located in hairy regions of the skin, such as the armpits (axillae), groin, areolae of the breasts, and the scalp. Their ducts typically empty into hair follicles rather than directly onto the skin surface.

These glands secrete a viscous, milky fluid that contains proteins, lipids, and pheromones. The secretion process is triggered by emotional stress, sexual arousal, or physical exertion, rather than by changes in body temperature. The composition of apocrine gland secretions varies among individuals and can influence body odor, as bacteria on the skin metabolize the secreted substances, producing odorous compounds.

Apocrine glands are most active during puberty and play a role in social signaling and communication, particularly in non-human mammals. In humans, their primary function remains debated, though they are thought to contribute to social interactions and possibly mate selection through scent cues. Unlike eccrine glands, apocrine secretions do not significantly aid in cooling the body.

Dysfunction or overactivity of apocrine glands can lead to conditions such as hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) or apocrine hidradenitis, an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by painful lumps and abscesses in affected areas. Treatment options for these conditions may include antiperspirants, medications, or surgical interventions.