antibodydeficienciák

Antibody deficiencies, also known as primary immunodeficiencies affecting B-cells, are a group of disorders characterized by the body's inability to produce adequate amounts of functional antibodies. Antibodies, produced by specialized white blood cells called B-cells, are crucial for identifying and neutralizing foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. When antibody production is impaired, individuals become more susceptible to recurrent infections.

These conditions can manifest at various ages, from infancy to adulthood, and their severity can range from mild to life-threatening. Common symptoms include frequent sinus infections, ear infections, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Patients may also experience chronic diarrhea, autoimmune disorders, and an increased risk of certain cancers.

The diagnosis of antibody deficiencies typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to measure immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) and assess the response to vaccinations. Genetic testing may be performed to identify specific underlying mutations.

Treatment strategies aim to reduce the frequency and severity of infections and manage complications. This often includes regular infusions of intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulins (IVIG or SCIg), which provide passive immunity. Antibiotics are used to treat active infections and may be prescribed prophylactically to prevent future ones. In some cases, gene therapy or stem cell transplantation may be considered for certain severe forms. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for improving the quality of life and long-term outcomes for individuals with antibody deficiencies.