antehoc

Antehoc is a term used in some philosophical and methodological discussions to denote reasoning, justification, or knowledge that is established before an event, observation, or data are available. It is not a widely standardized term and does not have a single canonical definition, but it is often employed to contrast with post hoc reasoning, which is derived after the fact.

Etymology and usage: The form combines Latin ante- “before” and hoc “this,” effectively meaning “before this.” In practice, antehoc is used as a label for pre-event premises, prior assumptions, or guiding hypotheses that shape inquiry or decision making before outcomes are known. In some contexts, antehoc is used to describe priors or preconditions that set the framework for analysis or action.

Contexts of use: In philosophy of science and decision theory, antehoc considerations may refer to preexisting rationales or assumptions invoked to justify a choice before any results are observed. In statistics and Bayesian reasoning, antehoc elements resemble priors or initial beliefs established before data are analyzed, though not all authors use the term in this way.

Limitations and critique: Because antehoc claims are made before outcomes are known, they can be speculative or prone to bias. Distinguishing legitimate preregistered or theoretically motivated premises from unfounded post hoc rationalizations remains a key concern for scholars using the term.

See also: a priori, post hoc, priors, preregistration, preconditions.