aniongapmetabolisessa

Anion gap metabolic acidosis refers to a specific type of metabolic acidosis characterized by an elevated anion gap. The anion gap is a calculation that represents the difference between the measured cations (positively charged ions) and measured anions (negatively charged ions) in the blood. A normal anion gap is typically between 8 and 12 mEq/L. When this gap is widened beyond this range, it suggests the presence of unmeasured anions in the blood.

Metabolic acidosis is a condition where the body accumulates too much acid, or loses too much bicarbonate, leading to a decrease in blood pH. Anion gap metabolic acidosis specifically points to the accumulation of acids that are not routinely measured in standard electrolyte panels. Common causes for an elevated anion gap include the ingestion of toxins such as methanol, ethylene glycol, or salicylates, as well as metabolic derangements like ketoacidosis (seen in diabetes mellitus, starvation, or alcohol abuse) and lactic acidosis. Kidney failure can also lead to an accumulation of acids and a widened anion gap.

Diagnosis involves measuring serum electrolytes, including sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sometimes potassium. Calculation of the anion gap is essential. Further investigations, such as blood gas analysis and specific toxicology screens, may be required to identify the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on addressing the root cause of the acidosis, which may involve supportive care, antidotes for toxic ingestions, or management of metabolic conditions.