anaplasmoz

Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Anaplasma. The most common species affecting humans in North America is Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Other Anaplasma species can cause disease in animals, such as Anaplasma marginale in cattle.

The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks, also known as deer ticks. These ticks are most active during the warmer months of spring and summer. The bacteria infect white blood cells, specifically granulocytes, leading to a range of symptoms.

Symptoms of anaplasmosis in humans can include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Some individuals may also experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In severe cases, anaplasmosis can lead to complications affecting the nervous system, respiratory system, or cause blood clotting disorders. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that detect antibodies to the bacteria or the bacteria's DNA.

Anaplasmosis is treatable with antibiotics, most commonly doxycycline. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications. Prevention strategies focus on avoiding tick bites, such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent containing DEET, and checking for ticks after spending time outdoors. Prompt removal of ticks can also reduce the risk of transmission.