anafilaxiát

Anafilaxiát is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It is a systemic response, meaning it affects multiple organ systems in the body. Common triggers for anaphylaxis include certain foods like peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, and milk, as well as insect stings, medications, and latex.

The symptoms of anaphylaxis can appear within minutes or up to an hour after exposure to the allergen. They can include itching, hives, flushing of the skin, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing due to airway constriction. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps can also occur. Cardiovascular effects may include a sudden drop in blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and dizziness or fainting.

Prompt recognition and immediate treatment are crucial for managing anaphylaxis. The primary treatment is the administration of epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, which can reverse many of the dangerous symptoms. Antihistamines and corticosteroids may also be used to manage symptoms and prevent a recurrence. Following an episode of anaphylaxis, individuals should be closely monitored and educated about avoiding known triggers and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector. Repeated exposure to the allergen can lead to more severe reactions.