amyloidia

Amyloidosis is a rare disease that occurs when abnormal proteins, called amyloid fibrils, build up in organs and tissues. These fibrils are misfolded proteins that can aggregate and deposit in various parts of the body, including the heart, kidneys, brain, and liver. The accumulation of amyloid can impair the normal function of these organs, leading to a range of symptoms depending on the affected area.

There are many different types of amyloidosis, categorized by the type of protein that forms the amyloid deposits. For example, AL amyloidosis is caused by a type of protein called immunoglobulin light chains, while AA amyloidosis is associated with chronic inflammation. Hereditary forms of amyloidosis also exist, passed down through families.

The symptoms of amyloidosis vary widely. Heart involvement can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. Kidney problems may manifest as protein in the urine and swelling. Neurological symptoms can include numbness, tingling, and pain. Diagnosis typically involves a biopsy of affected tissue to confirm the presence of amyloid fibrils. Treatment strategies aim to reduce the production of the amyloid-forming protein, manage symptoms, and prevent further organ damage. The prognosis depends on the type of amyloidosis, the organs affected, and the individual's response to treatment.