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Ammonium compounds are chemical substances containing the ammonium cation, NH4+. This cation is formed when ammonia (NH3) accepts a proton (H+) from an acid. Ammonium compounds are generally soluble in water and exhibit properties characteristic of ionic compounds.

Common ammonium compounds include ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Ammonium chloride is often used in batteries and as a flux in soldering. Ammonium sulfate is a widely used fertilizer, providing nitrogen to plants. Ammonium nitrate, while also a fertilizer, is known for its explosive properties and is used in mining and construction, though its use is strictly regulated.

In biological systems, ammonia is a byproduct of protein metabolism. The body converts ammonia into urea, which is then excreted. The ammonium ion plays a role in maintaining acid-base balance in the blood. In soil, ammonium is a form of nitrogen that can be readily absorbed by plants. However, under certain conditions, ammonium can be converted to nitrate through a process called nitrification, which is carried out by specific bacteria. The properties and applications of ammonium compounds vary widely depending on the accompanying anion.