ammoniumperkloraati

Ammonium perchlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH4ClO4. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Ammonium perchlorate is primarily known for its use as a solid rocket propellant. It serves as the oxidizer in many rocket and missile systems. When mixed with fuels such as aluminum powder and polymers, it produces a large volume of hot gas, generating thrust. This property makes it a crucial component in space launch vehicles, military missiles, and fireworks.

The production of ammonium perchlorate typically involves the reaction of ammonium chloride with perchloric acid or the electrolysis of ammonium nitrate. Historically, it was produced by reacting potassium perchlorate with ammonium chloride. Its stability and high energy output make it a preferred choice for propellants where consistent and powerful performance is required.

Beyond its propellant applications, ammonium perchlorate has limited other uses. It has been explored for use in pyrotechnics and as a chemical intermediate in certain syntheses, though these applications are far less common than its role in rocketry. Due to its oxidizing nature and potential hazards, it requires careful handling and storage. Environmental concerns also exist regarding its release into the atmosphere from rocket launches, as perchlorate compounds can contaminate water sources.