aminozuurketen

Amino acid chains, also known as peptide chains or polypeptides, are fundamental building blocks of life. They are polymers formed by linking together individual amino acids through peptide bonds. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a unique side chain (R-group). The sequence and type of these R-groups determine the chemical properties and ultimately the function of the resulting chain.

The formation of a peptide bond occurs when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water. This process is a dehydration synthesis. A short chain of amino acids, typically less than 50, is called a peptide, while longer chains are referred to as polypeptides. These polypeptides then fold into specific three-dimensional structures, which are crucial for their biological activity. These structures can range from simple helices and sheets to complex globular arrangements.

The specific sequence of amino acids in a chain is determined by the genetic code carried within DNA. This sequence dictates how the polypeptide will fold and what its function will be within a cell or organism. Amino acid chains are the primary structure of proteins, which perform a vast array of essential roles, including catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes), providing structural support (collagen), transporting molecules (hemoglobin), and mediating communication (hormones and neurotransmitters). The diversity of amino acid side chains allows for an almost limitless variety of protein structures and functions.