amiloidosi

Amiloidosi is a rare disease that occurs when abnormal proteins, called amyloid fibrils, build up in organs and tissues. These fibrils are misfolded proteins that accumulate and can disrupt the normal function of the affected organs. The buildup can occur in a single organ or spread throughout the body.

There are many different types of amyloidosis, classified by the type of protein that forms the amyloid deposits. Systemic amyloidosis affects multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, and nerves. Localized amyloidosis affects only a single organ. Some types of amyloidosis are hereditary, meaning they are passed down through families, while others are acquired. The causes of acquired amyloidosis are not always understood but can be linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, certain cancers, or aging.

Symptoms of amyloidosis vary widely depending on which organs are affected and the extent of the amyloid deposition. Common symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, swelling in the legs and feet, irregular heartbeat, numbness or tingling in the extremities, and changes in cognitive function. Diagnosis often involves a medical history, physical examination, blood and urine tests, and tissue biopsies to identify the amyloid deposits.

Treatment for amyloidosis depends on the type and severity of the disease. For some types, managing the underlying condition that causes amyloid buildup is key. This can include treating chronic inflammation or cancer. In other cases, medications may be used to slow the production of amyloid proteins or to help the body clear existing deposits. Supportive care is also important to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Prognosis varies greatly depending on the type of amyloidosis and the organs involved.