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Aluminium salts are chemical compounds containing aluminium, typically in the trivalent state (Al3+), paired with various counterions such as sulfate, chloride, nitrate, acetate, or hydroxide. They vary in solubility and hydrolysis behavior in water. In many cases they form aluminum hydroxide species when dissolved, which gives them characteristic acidity and reactivity.

Common examples include aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3), aluminum acetate (Al(C2H3O2)3), and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3). A widely used form is alum, potassium aluminum sulfate, utilized as a coagulant in water treatment and in papermaking.

Applications span water treatment (coagulation and clarification), paper production and textile processing, cosmetics (antiperspirants based on aluminum salts such as aluminum chlorohydrate and aluminum zirconium compounds), and medicine (antacids like aluminum hydroxide; phosphate binders). Aluminum salts are also used as adjuvants in vaccines to boost immune response.

Safety and regulation: Exposure levels are controlled due to potential health concerns from aluminum compounds, particularly with long-term or high exposures. Regulatory agencies evaluate risks and set limits in drinking water, foods, cosmetics, and medicines. In vaccines, aluminum-containing adjuvants have extensive safety data and are considered effective and safe for their purpose, though some individuals may experience local reactions.

Production and environment: Aluminium salts are derived from aluminum-containing minerals; refinement reduces ore to alumina and then to various salts. Industrial use requires guidelines to minimize environmental and occupational exposure and to prevent corrosion and contamination of water systems.