allergiareaktioiden

Allergireaktioiden refers to the bodily responses that occur when an individual's immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance, known as an allergen. These allergens can include pollen, dust mites, certain foods, insect venom, or medications. Upon exposure, the immune system mistakenly identifies the allergen as a threat and releases chemicals, primarily histamine, which trigger a cascade of symptoms.

The severity of allergic reactions can vary significantly, ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening emergencies. Common mild symptoms include itching, hives, a runny nose, sneezing, and watery eyes. Moderate reactions might involve swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, or gastrointestinal issues like nausea and vomiting.

The most severe form of allergic reaction is anaphylaxis, a rapid and potentially fatal systemic response. Anaphylaxis can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, severe breathing difficulties due to airway constriction, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. It requires immediate medical attention and administration of epinephrine.

Diagnosis of allergies typically involves a review of the patient's medical history and physical examination, followed by allergy testing. These tests can include skin prick tests, where small amounts of suspected allergens are applied to the skin, or blood tests that measure the levels of specific antibodies. Management of allergies focuses on avoidance of known triggers, medication to alleviate symptoms such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, and in some cases, immunotherapy (allergy shots) to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens.