allergenantibody

An allergen antibody, also known as IgE (immunoglobulin E), is a type of antibody produced by the immune system. While antibodies are generally responsible for fighting off infections, IgE has a specific role in allergic reactions. When the body encounters a harmless substance that it mistakenly identifies as a threat, such as pollen, dust mites, or certain foods, it can produce IgE antibodies against that substance, which is then called an allergen.

Upon initial exposure to an allergen, the body sensitizes itself by producing IgE antibodies. These IgE antibodies then attach to the surface of mast cells and basophils, which are types of white blood cells. During subsequent exposures to the same allergen, the allergen binds to the IgE antibodies on the surface of these cells. This binding triggers the release of potent chemicals, including histamine, from the mast cells and basophils.

The release of these chemicals leads to the characteristic symptoms of an allergic reaction. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the allergen and the individual, but commonly include sneezing, itching, runny nose, hives, swelling, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis, a life-threatening systemic reaction. The presence and levels of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the blood can be measured through allergy testing to help diagnose allergies.