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An allergen source is any substance that can trigger an allergic reaction in a susceptible individual. These reactions occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance as a threat and mounts an inappropriate response. Common allergen sources can be broadly categorized into several groups.

Food allergens are a prevalent source and include common items like peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, soy, wheat, fish, and shellfish. Even trace amounts of these foods can cause severe reactions in sensitized individuals. Environmental allergens encompass a wide range of substances encountered in daily life. These include pollens from trees, grasses, and weeds, which are seasonal. Mites, found in dust and bedding, are a year-round source of allergens. Animal dander, shed skin cells from pets such as cats and dogs, is another significant environmental allergen. Molds, both indoor and outdoor, can also cause allergic reactions.

Inhalant allergens are substances breathed in, often leading to respiratory symptoms like sneezing, coughing, and nasal congestion. Pollen, dust mites, and mold spores fall into this category. Contact allergens, on the other hand, cause reactions upon direct skin contact. Examples include certain metals like nickel, latex, and chemicals found in cosmetics and cleaning products. Insect venom from stings and bites can also act as potent allergen sources, leading to localized swelling or systemic anaphylaxis. Identifying and avoiding allergen sources is a primary strategy for managing allergies.