alkotmányjog

Alkotmányjog is the Hungarian term for constitutional law. It is the branch of public law that deals with the fundamental principles and structures of a state's government, the rights and duties of citizens, and the relationship between different branches of government. Constitutional law defines the powers of the legislature, executive, and judiciary, and establishes the framework for how laws are made and enforced. It also plays a crucial role in protecting individual liberties and ensuring the rule of law.

In Hungary, constitutional law is primarily based on the Fundamental Law of Hungary, which was adopted in 2011. This document outlines the basic rights and freedoms of citizens, the organization of the state, and the functions of its institutions. The Constitutional Court of Hungary is a key institution responsible for interpreting the Fundamental Law and ensuring that legislation conforms to its provisions. It can review laws for constitutionality and can annul those that are found to be in violation.

The study of alkotmányjog involves examining the historical development of constitutionalism, comparative constitutional systems, and contemporary constitutional challenges. It is a dynamic field that adapts to evolving societal needs and political landscapes. Understanding constitutional law is essential for citizens to be aware of their rights and for maintaining a well-functioning and democratic society.