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Alkynes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The general formula for alkynes with one triple bond is CnH2n-2. The simplest alkyne is ethyne, also known as acetylene, with the chemical formula C2H2.

The triple bond in alkynes consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds. This high degree of unsaturation makes alkynes more reactive than alkenes, which contain a double bond. The pi bonds are readily available for addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, halogenation, and hydration.

Alkynes are typically linear molecules around the carbon atoms involved in the triple bond due to the sp hybridization of these carbons. This linearity influences their physical properties, such as melting and boiling points, which generally increase with increasing molecular weight.

Common sources of alkynes include the cracking of natural gas and petroleum. Ethyne, in particular, is industrially important as a fuel for welding and cutting metals, and as a precursor in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including plastics and synthetic rubber. Other alkynes find applications in specialized chemical synthesis and as building blocks for more complex molecules. The chemistry of alkynes is a fundamental topic in organic chemistry.