aldolaz

Aldolaz is not a widely recognized term in major scientific databases or standard references. Depending on context, it may be a misspelling of aldolase, a brand name, or a fictional term. In biology, aldolase refers to a family of enzymes that catalyze reversible aldol reactions, most notably the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Two main classes of aldolases exist. Class I aldolases form a Schiff base with a lysine residue to catalyze bond cleavage and are found in animals, plants, and many bacteria. Class II aldolases are metal-dependent, requiring zinc for activity, and are common in some bacteria and in certain tissues. In humans, there are three cytosolic aldolase isozymes: ALDOA, ALDOB, and ALDOC, which assemble as homotetramers and differ in tissue distribution (muscle/erythrocytes, liver/kidney, brain, respectively).

Aldolase enzymes participate in glycolysis by converting fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate; they also participate in gluconeogenesis in some contexts and can have moonlighting roles in the cytoskeleton and cellular signaling.

Clinically, deficiency or dysregulation of aldolase family members is associated with disease. ALDOA deficiency causes a rare hereditary hemolytic anemia with exercise-induced symptoms; ALDOB deficiency causes hereditary fructose intolerance; alterations in aldolase activity have been observed in various cancers and metabolic disorders.

If the term aldolaz is encountered in literature, the precise meaning should be verified in context, as it is not a standard nomenclature for a well-defined biomolecule.