alaluomi

Alaluomi is the Finnish term for the lower eyelid, the lower portion of the eyelid that covers the eye when closed and participates in tear distribution and eye protection. It forms the lower margin of the palpebral fissure and moves with the upper eyelid during blinking. Anatomically, it comprises skin, the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the lower tarsal plate, which provides stiffness. The eyelid margin bears eyelashes and the openings of the meibomian glands; the inner surface is lined by conjunctiva and forms the lower fornix. The lacrimal punctum is located near the medial canthus, guiding tears into the lacrimal drainage system via the canaliculi and lacrimal sac.

Functions include protecting the eye from debris and injury, helping spread the tear film across the ocular surface, and contributing to tear drainage. Blink action distributes the tear film, and the lid margin helps seal the tear film and reduces evaporation.

Clinical relevance: Common conditions affecting the lower eyelid include blepharitis (inflammation of the lid margin), chalazion and hordeolum (meibomian gland or eyelash follicle infections), and eyelid malpositions such as ectropion (outward turning) or entropion (inward turning). Age-related lid laxity can alter lid position; the skin and surrounding tissues can be affected by dermatitis or tumors, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment depends on the condition and can range from eyelid hygiene and warm compresses to medications or surgical procedures in more severe cases.