akuzatif

Akuzatif, or accusative, is a grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. In languages with explicit case systems, the accusative helps indicate what is being acted upon. The exact form of the accusative varies by language: in some languages it is expressed with a suffix, in others with prepositions, and in still others the distinction may be less marked.

In Turkish, the accusative is formed with suffixes -ı, -i, -u, -ü, chosen according to vowel harmony with the noun. A buffer -y- is inserted when the noun ends in a vowel, producing forms such as elmayı (the apple) and kapıyı (the door). When the noun ends in a consonant, the suffix attaches directly (ev → evi, kitap → kitabı; göl → gölü). The accusative in Turkish primarily marks definite direct objects; indefinite objects are typically not marked with the accusative, and one may say bir elma (an apple) instead of elmayı in an indefinite context.

Pronouns also take accusative forms: beni (me), seni (you), onu (him/her/it), bizi (us), sizi (you, plural), onları (them).

Across languages, the akuzatif or accusative case appears in various systems, from suffixal marking (as in Turkish and many Indo-European languages) to prepositional or analytic strategies. It commonly contrasts with the nominative (subject) and may interact with animacy, definiteness, and word order to shape sentence structure.