aivotulehduksessa

Aivotulehdus, known scientifically as encephalitis, is an inflammation of the brain. It is a serious medical condition that can affect people of all ages. The inflammation is typically caused by a viral infection, although bacterial or fungal infections can also be responsible. In some cases, the cause may be autoimmune, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain tissue.

Symptoms of encephalitis can vary widely and may develop rapidly or gradually. Common signs include fever, headache, and a stiff neck, similar to meningitis. Neurological symptoms are also characteristic and can include confusion, drowsiness, seizures, and in severe cases, coma. Personality changes, difficulty speaking or moving, and sensory disturbances can also occur. The severity of symptoms depends on the extent and location of the brain inflammation.

Diagnosis often involves a combination of medical history, neurological examination, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include blood work to identify infection, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid, and imaging studies like MRI or CT scans to visualize the brain and assess for inflammation.

Treatment for encephalitis depends on the underlying cause. Antiviral medications are used for viral encephalitis, while antibiotics are prescribed for bacterial infections. Supportive care is crucial and may involve managing symptoms like seizures, reducing brain swelling, and providing respiratory support. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to minimize the risk of long-term complications, which can include neurological deficits or cognitive impairment.