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Adsorption-based refers to processes and technologies that utilize adsorption, a surface phenomenon where atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid adhere to a surface. This phenomenon is driven by intermolecular forces and can occur through physisorption, where weak van der Waals forces are involved, or chemisorption, where stronger chemical bonds are formed. Adsorption-based methods are widely employed in various fields, including environmental science, chemical engineering, and material science.

In environmental science, adsorption-based technologies are used for water purification and air treatment. Activated carbon, a highly porous material, is commonly employed to remove contaminants such as organic compounds, heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water and air. Similarly, zeolites, crystalline aluminosilicates with porous structures, are used for gas separation and purification processes.

In chemical engineering, adsorption-based processes are utilized for gas separation, catalysis, and chromatography. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA) are common techniques for gas separation, where different gases are adsorbed at different pressures or temperatures. Adsorption-based catalysts, which utilize the high surface area of adsorbents, are employed in various chemical reactions. Chromatography, another adsorption-based technique, is used for the separation of mixtures based on the differential adsorption of components onto a stationary phase.

In material science, adsorption-based methods are used for the synthesis and modification of nanomaterials. For example, the adsorption of metal ions onto the surface of carbon nanotubes or graphene can be used to create functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced properties. Additionally, adsorption-based processes are employed in the development of sensors and energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries.

Overall, adsorption-based technologies offer a versatile and efficient approach for various applications, ranging from environmental remediation to advanced materials and energy storage. The continued development and optimization of adsorption-based methods are expected to contribute to the advancement of multiple industries and the improvement of our daily lives.