adrenaalnäärme

Adrenaalnäärme, also known as the adrenal gland, is an endocrine gland found atop each kidney. These small but vital organs are responsible for producing hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily functions. The adrenal glands are divided into two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.

The adrenal cortex, the outer layer, produces corticosteroids. These include glucocorticoids like cortisol, which helps regulate metabolism and suppress inflammation, and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, which controls blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The cortex also produces a small amount of androgens, which are sex hormones.

The adrenal medulla, the inner part of the gland, produces catecholamines, primarily adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These hormones are critical for the body's "fight-or-flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply during times of stress.

Disruptions in adrenal gland function can lead to various medical conditions. Conditions like Addison's disease occur when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, while Cushing's syndrome results from an overproduction of cortisol. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes excessive production of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Maintaining proper adrenal function is essential for overall health and well-being.