adipocitákban

Adipocytes, also known as fat cells, are the primary cells of adipose tissue. They are specialized for storing energy in the form of fat. Adipocytes develop from precursor cells called preadipocytes, which can differentiate into mature adipocytes under certain conditions. The most prominent feature of a mature adipocyte is a large lipid droplet that can occupy up to 95% of the cell's volume. This droplet primarily consists of triglycerides, which are a form of stored energy.

Adipocytes are not merely passive storage units. They are metabolically active and play crucial roles in regulating energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. They secrete various hormones and signaling molecules, collectively known as adipokines, which influence other tissues and organs. Examples of adipokines include leptin, which signals satiety to the brain, and adiponectin, which enhances insulin sensitivity.

There are two main types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. White adipocytes are the most abundant type and are primarily responsible for energy storage. Brown adipocytes, found in smaller amounts, are specialized for thermogenesis, the process of generating heat. This is achieved through a high concentration of mitochondria and a protein called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The balance between white and brown adipose tissue is important for maintaining a healthy body weight and metabolic function. Dysregulation in adipocyte function and number is implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.