adipociták

Adipocytes, also known as fat cells, are the primary cells of adipose tissue. They are specialized for storing energy in the form of fat, or triglycerides. Adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cells and differentiate into preadipocytes, which then mature into fully functional adipocytes.

The cytoplasm of an adipocyte is dominated by a large lipid droplet, which can occupy up to 95% of the cell's volume. The nucleus and other organelles are pushed to the periphery of the cell. Adipocytes play a crucial role in metabolism, secreting various hormones and signaling molecules, collectively known as adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. These adipokines influence appetite, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation throughout the body.

Adipose tissue, composed of adipocytes, is not merely a passive storage site for energy but an active endocrine organ. It is found throughout the body and can be broadly categorized into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT is the most abundant type and primarily stores energy. BAT is specialized for thermogenesis, generating heat by burning fat. The number and size of adipocytes can change in response to nutritional status and energy expenditure, contributing to weight gain or loss. Dysregulation of adipocyte function is implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.