adducteja

Adducteja is a term used in chemistry to describe a product formed by the addition of two or more molecular species. In this process, the constituent atoms of the reactants retain their identity and no atoms are lost. This is distinct from a condensation reaction where a small molecule, such as water, is eliminated.

Adduct formation can occur through various types of chemical bonds, including covalent bonds, coordinate covalent bonds, and even weaker intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces. A classic example of an adduct is the formation of ammonia-borane (NH3BH3) from ammonia (NH3) and borane (BH3). Here, the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of ammonia forms a coordinate covalent bond with the electron-deficient boron atom of borane.

Another common context for adducts is in coordination chemistry, where a Lewis acid accepts electron pairs from a Lewis base to form an adduct. Metal complexes, where a central metal atom or ion is bonded to ligands, can often be viewed as adducts. For instance, the reaction between iron(II) ions and cyanide ions to form ferrocyanide is an example of adduct formation.

The study of adducts is important in understanding reaction mechanisms, designing new materials, and in biological systems where many enzyme-substrate interactions can be described as the formation of transient adducts. The properties of an adduct are typically a combination of the properties of its constituent parts, although new chemical or physical characteristics can also emerge.