acetylchloride

Acetylchloride, also known as ethanoyl chloride, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H3ClO. It belongs to the class of acyl halides, which are derivatives of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group has been replaced by a halogen atom. Acetylchloride is a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent, vinegar-like odor. It is highly reactive and moisture-sensitive, readily hydrolyzing in the presence of water to form acetic acid and hydrogen chloride.

Manufactured primarily by the chlorination of acetic acid, acetylchloride is used as an acylating agent in organic synthesis. It is commonly employed in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers. Its reactivity allows it to transfer the acetyl group to various compounds, facilitating reactions such as acetylation of alcohols, amines, and other nucleophiles. This property makes acetylchloride valuable in the manufacturing of acetyl compounds and as an intermediate in chemical syntheses.

Handling and storage of acetylchloride require caution due to its corrosiveness and releases of hydrogen chloride gas upon hydrolysis, which can cause respiratory and eye irritation. It should be stored in airtight containers under inert atmospheres, away from moisture and incompatible substances.

In the laboratory, acetylchloride is often used in the synthesis of acetyl derivatives, including acetaminophen and aspirin. Its chemical reactivity, combined with its usefulness as a reagent, underscores its importance in both industrial applications and synthetic organic chemistry.