acetilkolinészterázgátlók

Acetilkolinész is the Hungarian term for acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Acetylcholinesterase is found in cholinergic synapses, which are junctions between nerve cells where acetylcholine is released.

The primary function of acetylcholinesterase is to rapidly hydrolyze acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This process terminates the signal transmission by acetylcholine, allowing the postsynaptic neuron to repolarize and be ready for subsequent stimulation. Without efficient acetylcholinesterase activity, acetylcholine would persist in the synapse, leading to overstimulation of the postsynaptic receptors.

Acetylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase and is classified as a carboxylesterase. It is encoded by the BCHE gene. The enzyme is abundant in red blood cells, plasma, and various tissues, including the brain, muscles, and lungs. There are different isoforms of acetylcholinesterase, with variations in their structure and localization.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is a significant mechanism of action for various drugs and toxins. Organophosphates and carbamates, commonly found in insecticides and nerve agents, are potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. By inhibiting the enzyme, they cause a buildup of acetylcholine in synapses, leading to a cholinergic crisis. Conversely, drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase are used therapeutically to treat conditions like Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis, where increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain or at neuromuscular junctions can be beneficial.