acetilkolinesteráz

Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is also known as cholinesterase or acetylhydrolyase. This enzyme is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system, particularly at synapses where nerve cells communicate with each other or with muscle cells. Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft to transmit signals, and acetylcholinesterase quickly hydrolyzes it into choline and acetic acid. This rapid breakdown is essential to prevent continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron or muscle fiber, allowing for precise control of nerve impulses and muscle contractions.

Acetylcholinesterase is found in various locations throughout the body, including the neuromuscular junction, where it regulates muscle activity, and in the central nervous system, where it plays a role in cognitive functions, mood, and sleep. Its activity is vital for maintaining the balance of cholinergic neurotransmission. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase can lead to an accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in exaggerated or prolonged cholinergic effects. This mechanism is exploited by certain drugs used to treat conditions like Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis, as well as by some toxins and pesticides.