accessRights

Access rights are permissions that determine who may access a resource and what operations they may perform on it. They are enforced by access control mechanisms in information systems, networks, databases, and applications.

Common models include discretionary access control (DAC), where owners grant rights; mandatory access control (MAC), which enforces system-wide policies; role-based access control (RBAC), which assigns rights based on job roles; and attribute-based access control (ABAC), which uses user, resource, and context attributes.

Access rights are typically implemented through authentication to verify identity, followed by authorization to grant appropriate rights. Mechanisms include access control lists (ACLs), capability lists, and security tokens or certificates.

Best practices emphasize least privilege, need-to-know, and separation of duties, along with regular reviews, automated provisioning and revocation, and comprehensive auditing and logging of access events.

Misconfigurations, overly broad permissions, and privilege escalation threats are common challenges. Proper design and governance help mitigate risks, support compliance, and improve accountability for resource usage.