absorptionare

Absorptionare is the process by which a substance or medium takes in energy, particles, or matter from its surroundings, increasing its internal energy or content. In Romanian texts, the standard terms are absorbtie and absorbție, while absorptionare is a less common variant used mainly to describe the general process.

In physics and chemistry, absorption refers to the uptake of light or other radiation by a material. The energy is transferred to the absorbing medium, often changing its electronic or vibrational states and converting to heat. The amount absorbed depends on the material's absorption coefficient and the radiation wavelength, described by laws such as Beer-Lambert for dilute solutions.

In biology, absorption denotes uptake of nutrients and other substances through membranes, such as intestinal absorption of glucose, amino acids, and lipids, or gas exchange in lungs. Absorption efficiency depends on surface area, transport proteins, and concentration gradients.

In acoustics and environmental science, absorption can also refer to the dampening of sound or the sorption of pollutants by materials. The acoustic absorption coefficient measures the fraction of incident sound energy not reflected. In environmental contexts, sorption or absorption on soils and filters affects contaminant mobility.

Distinctions with adsorption: absorption involves penetration into the volume, while adsorption is adherence to a surface. Measurements often use absorbance, absorptance, or absorptivity, with related terms such as transmittance and reflectance.