absorpcí

Absorpce, often written absorpcí in Czech, is the process by which a substance is taken up into another substance, or energy is absorbed by a material. The term is used across disciplines with related ideas but different specifics depending on the context.

In physics and optics, absorption refers to the attenuation of a beam of light or other radiation as it travels through a medium. The absorbed energy is often transformed into heat. The extent of absorption is described by the absorption coefficient and, for solutions, by laws such as the Beer–Lambert law, which relates absorbance to concentration and path length.

In chemistry and biology, absorption describes the uptake of substances across boundaries into the interior of an organism or material. Examples include intestinal absorption of nutrients, alveolar or cellular uptake of gases, and the absorption of drugs from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. This use emphasizes penetration into the volume rather than mere surface adhesion.

A related concept is adsorption, which involves molecules binding to a surface rather than penetrating into the bulk. Distinguishing absorption from adsorption helps clarify mechanisms in areas such as catalysis, filtration, and environmental remediation.

Applications of absorpcí span several fields. In environmental engineering, absorption is used to remove pollutants with absorbent liquids or gases. In materials science, optical absorption influences color, transparency, and device performance. In pharmacology and medicine, the rate and extent of absorption affect drug onset and dosing. Etymologically, absorpce in Czech derives from Latin absorptio, with absorpcí functioning as the instrumental form in many constructions.