Zustandsübergangsmodell

Zustandsübertragung (state transfer) is the process of conveying the state of one system to another in a controlled manner, so that the receiving system adopts information about the original state. The concept appears across physics, engineering, and computer science to describe how states, data, or configurations move between subsystems.

In quantum information, state transfer refers to transferring a quantum state from one quantum system to another while preserving quantum coherence. Realizations include direct transfer through a quantum channel and quantum teleportation, which uses pre-shared entanglement and classical communication. Theoretical models describe conditions for high-fidelity or perfect state transfer, such as engineered interactions in spin chains. In practice, fidelity is limited by decoherence, noise, and imperfect control. Experimental platforms include superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and photonic networks.

In classical control theory and distributed computing, Zustand sübertragung describes moving the current state of a process or virtual machine between components or hosts, for example during live migration, checkpointing, or failover. This requires serialization of state information, compatible representations, and synchronization to preserve consistency and correctness.

Mathematically, state transfer involves state vectors or density operators and maps such as unitary evolutions, quantum channels, or transfer functions that relate source and target states. Key performance metrics include fidelity, loss, and resource cost; challenges encompass decoherence, control precision, and scalability in large networks.

Zustandsübertragung sits at the intersection of theory and practice, guiding how information about a system’s condition can be relocated or reproduced in diverse technologies, from quantum devices to distributed computing infrastructures.