Zamieszkujacy

Zamieszkujacy is the non-diacritic form of the Polish present participle zamieszkujący, derived from the verb zamieszkiwać, meaning to inhabit or reside. It functions as an adjective formed from a verb, used to describe people or things that currently live in a place. As a present active participle, it agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case, for example ludzie zamieszkujący ten region (people who inhabit this region).

Etymology and usage: the word comes from za- (prefix) + mieszkać (to live) with the participial suffix -jący. In standard Polish, the diacritic form zamieszkujący is preferred, especially in formal writing. The diacritics mark vowel quality and aid readability, but the non-diacritic form zamieszkujacy appears in contexts where diacritics are unavailable, such as in certain computer systems or historical texts. In such contexts the participle still functions as an adjective and can be declined to match the noun (e.g., zamieszkujacy, zamieszkujaca, zamieszkujace in masculine, feminine, and neuter forms, respectively).

Related terms: zamieszkały (settled, inhabited), mieszkaniec (resident), and zamieszkanie (residence). While zamieszkujący describes the act or state of inhabiting, these related forms are used to refer to the place of residence or the people who live there.

Notes on orthography: in modern standard Polish the diacritic form zamieszkujący is correct and widely used. The variant zamieszkujacy is considered nonstandard in formal writing and is typically limited to contexts where diacritics cannot be used. See also mieszkaniec, zamieszkanie, zamieszkały.