Zahedan

Zahedan is the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan Province in southeastern Iran. It is the province’s administrative center and a major commercial hub for the region. The city lies near the border with Pakistan and serves as a gateway for cross-border trade and transport to South Asia and the Gulf.

Geography and climate: Zahedan sits on the eastern edge of the Sistan Basin in a desert region. It has a hot desert climate with very hot summers, mild winters, and low annual rainfall. The elevation is around 1,200 meters above sea level.

History and administration: The modern city grew in the 20th century as the provincial capital, expanding with roads, markets, and governance institutions. Zahedan hosts provincial government offices and educational institutions, including a campus of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan.

Demographics and culture: The population is predominantly ethnic Baluch, with Persian-speaking communities. The main languages are Balochi and Persian. The religious landscape is largely Muslim, with Sunni Baluch communities in addition to Shia groups.

Economy and transport: The city functions as a commercial gateway for trade with Pakistan, supported by markets, road links, and a rail corridor under development toward Chabahar and beyond. Zahedan International Airport connects the city with domestic destinations and regional hubs.

Education and notable sites: In addition to the university, Zahedan hosts cultural centers, mosques, and historical markets that reflect Baluchi traditions and crafts. The city’s bazaars and museums preserve the region’s history and daily life.