Yksivaihejärjestelmän

Yksivaihejärjestelmään, or single-phase system, refers to a type of electrical power distribution system where the voltage is delivered through a single alternating current (AC) waveform. This is in contrast to three-phase systems, which utilize three separate AC waveforms that are offset in time.

In a typical single-phase system, power is supplied by two conductors: a live wire and a neutral wire. The voltage alternates between positive and negative values with respect to the neutral wire. This system is commonly used in residential and small commercial settings for powering everyday appliances and lighting. The voltage levels in single-phase systems are generally lower, such as 120V or 240V in North America, and 230V in Europe.

The simplicity of single-phase systems makes them cost-effective for lower power demands. However, they are less efficient for transmitting large amounts of power over long distances compared to three-phase systems. Single-phase motors are also generally less efficient and have lower starting torque than their three-phase counterparts.

The waveform of a single-phase supply results in a pulsating power delivery, meaning the instantaneous power delivered to a load fluctuates. This pulsation can be a factor in the performance of certain types of equipment, particularly electric motors. Despite these limitations, single-phase electricity remains the standard for most household electrical needs due to its widespread availability and ease of implementation.