Ydinmuuntimet

Ydinmuuntimet, known in English as nuclear converters or radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), are devices that convert heat generated by radioactive decay into electricity. This conversion typically occurs through the thermoelectric effect, where a voltage is produced across a junction of two dissimilar materials when there is a temperature difference. The heat source is usually a radioactive isotope with a long half-life, such as plutonium-238. As the isotope decays, it releases alpha or beta particles, which interact with surrounding materials, generating heat. This heat is then transferred to thermoelectric modules, which in turn produce an electric current.

RTGs have found significant applications in situations where conventional power sources are impractical or unavailable, such as in deep space missions, remote terrestrial locations, and underwater equipment. Their primary advantage is their long operational lifespan, which can extend for decades, owing to the slow decay rate of the radioactive fuel. This reliability makes them ideal for powering spacecraft for extended journeys or for instrumentation in extremely harsh environments. However, the use of radioactive materials necessitates strict safety protocols during manufacturing, handling, and disposal. The initial cost of RTGs can also be substantial due to the specialized materials and manufacturing processes involved. Despite these challenges, their unique capabilities make them indispensable for certain critical applications.