Xilooligosaccharides

Xilooligosaccharides (XOS) are a type of prebiotic oligosaccharide composed primarily of xylose units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. They are derived from the hydrolysis of xylan, a hemicellulose polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, particularly in hardwoods, cereal grains, and agricultural byproducts like corn husks and wheat bran.

XOS are recognized for their potential health benefits, primarily due to their ability to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. This prebiotic activity can contribute to improved gut health, enhanced immune function, and better mineral absorption.

The synthesis of xilooligosaccharides can be achieved through enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan or through chemical modification. They are typically characterized by their degree of polymerization (DP), which ranges from 2 to around 10 xylose units. Shorter chains (lower DP) are more soluble and are often used in food and supplement formulations.

XOS are considered safe for consumption and are used as functional ingredients in various food products, including dairy, beverages, and infant formulas, as well as in dietary supplements. Due to their fermentability by gut microbiota, they are also associated with fermentation byproducts like short-chain fatty acids, which support colonic health.

Research continues into the applications of xilooligosaccharides, exploring their potential in managing gastrointestinal disorders, improving nutritional profiles, and serving as natural, sustainable ingredients in functional foods. Their origin from renewable plant sources and their prebiotic properties make them an attractive area of interest within the food and health industries.