Wurzelstocks

Wurzelstocks, or rootstocks, are the root portions of grafted plants that form the foundation of a grafted tree or shrub. In grafted propagation, a scion— the upper part that bears leaves and fruit— is joined to a compatible rootstock. The combination determines the characteristics of the mature plant, including vigor, size, and adaptability to soil and climate.

The primary function of a rootstock is to influence the growth and performance of the grafted cultivar. Rootstocks can be chosen to control plant size (dwarfing, semi-dwarf, or standard vigor), improve tolerance to poor or heavy soils, enhance drought resistance, or increase resistance to certain soil-borne diseases and pests. They can also affect fruiting time and anchorage, and they may adapt better to particular climate conditions or root-zone characteristics such as pH and texture.

Rootstocks are selected according to the cultivated species and intended use. Common groups include vigorous standard rootstocks for trees that will grow large, semi-dwarf and dwarfing rootstocks for more compact orchards or container growing, and specialized rootstocks such as quince or plum types used for specific fruit crops. In many temperate-cropping systems, rootstock choice is an important part of orchard planning, influencing long-term management and maintenance.

The term Wurzelstock emphasizes the part of the plant below ground and the root system that supports the grafted cultivar. Proper matching of rootstock and scion is essential for successful establishment and orchard performance.