Windungszahlverhältnis

Windungszahlverhältnis, often translated as turn ratio, is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering, particularly concerning transformers. It represents the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil of a transformer. This ratio directly dictates how the voltage and current are transformed between the primary and secondary circuits.

Mathematically, the windungszahlverhältnis is expressed as Np/Ns, where Np is the number of turns in the primary winding and Ns is the number of turns in the secondary winding. For an ideal transformer, the voltage ratio is equal to the windungszahlverhältnis. Specifically, the voltage in the secondary coil (Vs) divided by the voltage in the primary coil (Vp) equals the windungszahlverhältnis: Vs/Vp = Np/Ns. Conversely, the current ratio is the inverse of the windungszahlverhältnis: Is/Ip = Np/Ns, or Ip/Is = Ns/Np.

A windungszahlverhältnis greater than one signifies a step-up transformer, increasing the voltage and decreasing the current. A ratio less than one indicates a step-down transformer, decreasing the voltage and increasing the current. A ratio of one implies no voltage or current transformation, though such transformers are rarely used for power conversion. Understanding the windungszahlverhältnis is crucial for designing and analyzing electrical systems, ensuring efficient power transfer and appropriate voltage levels for various applications.