Werkstoffübertragung

Werkstoffübertragung, often translated as material transfer, is a phenomenon observed in various scientific and engineering disciplines, particularly in tribology and materials science. It describes the movement of material from one surface to another during contact. This transfer can occur in both directions, from a stationary surface to a moving one, or vice-versa.

The primary mechanisms driving Werkstoffübertragung include adhesion, mechanical shearing, and diffusion. Adhesive forces at the microscopic contact points can cause small fragments of material to adhere to the opposing surface. When relative motion occurs, these fragments can be sheared off and transferred. Mechanical interlocking of surface asperities can also lead to material being ploughed or displaced from one surface to another. Under high temperatures or pressures, diffusion can also play a role, allowing atoms to migrate across the interface.

The consequences of Werkstoffübertragung are significant. In wear processes, it is a fundamental component of material loss. Unwanted material transfer can lead to increased friction, surface roughening, and ultimately component failure. Conversely, in certain applications like lubrication, controlled material transfer can be beneficial, for example, by forming protective layers or "third bodies" that reduce direct surface contact. Understanding and controlling Werkstoffübertragung is crucial for designing durable and efficient mechanical systems.