Weefselherkenning

Weefselherkenning, also known as tissue typing or HLA typing, is a laboratory technique used to determine the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) profile of an individual. HLA antigens are proteins found on the surface of cells that play a crucial role in the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self. This identification is essential for successful organ and stem cell transplantation.

The primary purpose of weefselherkenning is to find a compatible donor for a recipient. When an organ or stem cell transplant is performed, the recipient's immune system can recognize the donor's HLA antigens as foreign and mount an immune response, leading to rejection of the transplanted tissue. By comparing the HLA profiles of a potential donor and recipient, the likelihood of a successful transplant can be assessed. A close match between the HLA antigens reduces the risk of rejection and the need for potent immunosuppressive drugs.

Weefselherkenning is typically performed using blood samples from both the donor and the recipient. Various laboratory methods are employed, including serological techniques that use antibodies to detect HLA antigens, and molecular methods like DNA-based typing, which are more precise and provide higher resolution. The results are expressed as a series of codes representing the specific HLA alleles. These codes are then used by transplant centers to match potential donors with recipients on waiting lists. Beyond transplantation, weefselherkenning can also be used in the diagnosis and management of certain autoimmune diseases, as some HLA types are associated with an increased susceptibility to these conditions.