Võrgutasemete

Võrgutasemete, often translated as network layers, refers to the conceptual framework used to divide complex networking functions into distinct, manageable parts. The most widely recognized model is the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which comprises seven layers. Each layer serves a specific purpose and interacts with the layers immediately above and below it.

The physical layer is the lowest, dealing with the physical transmission of raw data bits over a medium. The data link layer handles error detection and correction within a local network segment. The network layer is responsible for routing data packets across different networks. The transport layer ensures reliable end-to-end data delivery, managing segmentation and reassembly. The session layer establishes, maintains, and terminates communication sessions. The presentation layer handles data formatting, encryption, and compression. Finally, the application layer provides network services directly to end-user applications.

Another significant model is the TCP/IP model, which is more practical and commonly implemented. It typically consists of four or five layers, consolidating some of the functions of the OSI model. The network interface layer combines the physical and data link layers. The internet layer corresponds to the OSI network layer. The transport layer is similar to the OSI transport layer. The application layer encompasses the OSI session, presentation, and application layers. Understanding these layered models is crucial for comprehending how data travels across networks and for troubleshooting network issues.