Vävnadsförsvar

Vävnadsförsvar, which translates to tissue defense, is a crucial aspect of the innate immune system in vertebrates. It refers to the body's immediate and non-specific responses to injury or infection that occur at the tissue level. When tissues are damaged or invaded by pathogens, a cascade of events is initiated to contain the threat and promote healing.

The primary components of vävnadsförsvar involve the recruitment of immune cells, such as phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages, to the site of injury or infection. These cells are attracted by chemical signals released from damaged cells and pathogens, a process known as chemotaxis. Once at the site, phagocytes engulf and destroy invading microorganisms and cellular debris.

Another key element is inflammation, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Inflammation is a complex biological response that serves to isolate the affected area, prevent the spread of pathogens, and facilitate the arrival of immune cells and healing factors. Blood vessels in the affected area dilate and become more permeable, allowing immune cells and plasma proteins to leak into the tissue.

Vävnadsförsvar also involves the release of various signaling molecules, including cytokines and chemokines, which coordinate the immune response. These molecules can activate other immune cells, promote cell proliferation, and initiate the repair process. While vävnadsförsvar is a vital first line of defense, it is a generalized response and lacks the specificity of the adaptive immune system, which develops targeted immunity over time.