Volikirjas

Volikirjas is the Estonian term for a class of documents that grant one person (the agent or attorney-in-fact) authority to act on behalf of another (the grantor or principal). These documents are used to perform tasks such as managing finances, signing contracts, or handling property transactions when the grantor is unavailable or incapacitated. The term volikiri refers to the instrument itself; volikirjad is the plural.

Creation and scope: A volikirja is typically created by a written instrument identifying the parties, specifying the scope of authority, and indicating duration. The scope can be broad (general power of attorney) or limited to specific acts. In many cases, the document must be signed by the grantor and may require notarization or witnesses, depending on local law.

Effect and revocation: Once issued, the agent may act within the defined bounds. The volikirja remains valid until it expires, is revoked by the grantor, or ends by other conditions stated in the document. Revocation is effective when it is communicated to third parties relied upon to enforce it.

Digital forms: With modernization, volikirjad may be created or stored digitally, sometimes with electronic signatures or national ID verification.

Risks and safeguards: The principal bears risk if the agent abuses the authority; prudent practice includes limiting the scope and duration, choosing a trustworthy agent, and registering or notifying key institutions if required.

See also: Power of attorney; Estonian law; Notary; Legal documents.