Virilism

Virilism refers to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics in a female. This condition is typically caused by an overproduction of androgens, which are male sex hormones. These hormones can be produced by the adrenal glands or the ovaries.

Common symptoms of virilism include hirsutism (excessive hair growth on the face, chest, and back), deepening of the voice, increased muscle mass, and clitoral enlargement. Menstrual irregularities or absence of menstruation can also occur. In some cases, virilism may lead to infertility.

The underlying causes of virilism are varied and can include conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), and androgen-secreting tumors. Diagnosis usually involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and hormonal blood tests. Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans may also be used to identify tumors.

Treatment for virilism depends on the underlying cause. If a tumor is present, surgical removal may be necessary. For conditions like PCOS or CAH, hormonal therapies such as birth control pills or anti-androgen medications can help manage symptoms and regulate hormone levels. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, can also be beneficial in managing some causes of virilism. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important to prevent long-term health complications.